Error Control Coding and Emerging Technologies for Reliable IoT Communication

Error-Control Coding (ECC) plays a fundamental role in ensuring reliable, secure, and energy-efficient communication in largescale IoT systems, where billions of low-power devices operate under noisy and rapidly changing channel conditions. Recent research highlights major progress in several areas, including advanced Turbo and partially coupled codes that deliver ultra-high reliability close to the Shannon capacity limit, and adaptive channel coding techniques that dynamically balance latency, throughput, and energy efficiency in 5G and emerging 6G networks. In parallel, ECC is increasingly combined with security and intelligence at the system level. Hybrid schemes such as Bose– Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem BCH–Turbo codes enhance data robustness for mission-critical IoT applications, while integration with cryptographic authentication, blockchain-based access control, and TinyML-driven inference improves data integrity, resilience, and autonomous decision-making. Additionally, fault-tolerant and low-power hardware ECC architectures are being developed to meet the strict resource constraints of IoT edge devices. Together, these developments underscore the importance of cross-layer ECC integration as a key enabler for secure, scalable, and intelligent future 6G and edge-AI IoT ecosystems.